Probiotic alleviate fluoride-induced memory impairment by reconstructing gut microbiota in mice

Fluoride which is widespread in our environment and food due to its geological origin industrial pollution has been identified as a developmental neurotoxicant. Gut-brain axis provides new insight into brain-derived injury. We previously found the psychoactive effects of probiotic strain, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 against fluoride-induced memory dysfunction mice by modulating gut-brain axis. In this study, we aimed detect link between reconstruction gut microbiota through alleviate impairment. also added an hour water avoidance stress (WAS) before behavioral tests sampling, aiming demonstrate preventive on impairment after psychological stress. Mice were given fluoridated drinking (sodium fluoride 100 ppm, corresponding 37.8 ± 2.4 ppm F¯) for 70 days administered with PBS or 28 prior throughout day exposure sodium fluoride. Results showed that increases hyperactivity hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) reduces exploration ratio novel object recognition (NOR) test spontaneous during T-maze following WAS, significantly improved probiotic. 16S rRNA sequencing significant separation ileal fluoride-treated control mice. was main targeting bacteria reduced reconstructed fluoride-post increased relative abundance Lactobacillus. D-lactate content diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, two biomarkers permeability serum probiotic-inoculated ZO-1, intestinal tight junction protein mRNA, levels treatment. Moreover, hippocampus essential learning memory, down-regulated mRNA level both myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), neurotrophic factor (BDNF), including improvement cAMP response element-binding (CREB) fluoride-exposed WAS. Via spearman correlation analysis, displayed positive associations tests, nerve development related factors, proteins negative association TNF-? hippocampus, highlighting regulatory potential barrier. These results suggested addition, there may be some correlations microbiota. reads have uploaded NCBI. The accession code National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BioProject database: PRJNA660154.